Rural habitat poses several disadvantages to the rural population. Challenges are immense when it comes to organizing the provision of general medical and healthcare services to rural communities. Rural communities are sparingly populated and often remotely located in difficult terrains. Organizing healthcare services such as location is not only difficult logistically but also an expensive proposition. Services are generally planned according to the population and density from the public health perspective. However, human needs are equal for rural people as compared to their urban counterparts. For the rural population to have access to necessary and quality healthcare; the services must be available and obtainable within the rural communities in the primary care setting.

Diffusion of Innovation expedites the health promotion through enhancement in behaviour changes. If the natural course is uninterrupted the DOI theory follows the normal curve but if dissemination component is supplemented with this, it can bring about change in the normal curve with faster adoption rate by the society. This new way of adoption will not only benefit the adopters but guide public health experts, policy makers and implementers amidst pandemic crises like COVID-19. Thus, the theory of dissemination should be clubbed with DOI theory for formulating any health policy for any country.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease and patients with the same diagnostic and clinical prognostic profiles can have markedly different clinical outcomes. This difference is possibly caused by the limitation of our current taxonomy of breast cancers, which groups molecularly distinct diseases into clinical classes based mainly on morphology. Objectives: The study objective was to assess the survival rates of breast cancer patients of all immunohistochemical subtypes at a hospital-based cancer registry, Thrissur, Kerala. Materials and Methods: After obtaining Institutional Ethical Clearance we included 202 patients of histologically diagnosed breast carcinoma who had been diagnosed in the year 2016. Data was obtained from the patient files. Associations between tumor subtypes and survival rates were examined. Results: Of the 202 patients, 197 were females and 3 were males. The mean age of the study population was 55.9 ± 11.8 years. The survival rate at three years was 76.5%. Conclusions: It was found that the survival rate at three years for the study population was 76.5%. Community-based surveys will give a better outlook regarding the survival rates in the general population. More studies from developing countries like India are appreciated to understand the burden of disease.

Background: Normal large joint anatomy is important for mobility, function and overall quality of life. Trauma or diseases like various forms of arthritis may alter normal joint architecture and physiology leading to secondary arthritis. Infection within the joint leading to septic arthritis is another catastrophic disorder that may irreversibly damage the human articular cartilage. The resultant bony ankylosis in certain cases is a serious complication of septic arthritis. There has been limited data regarding the burden of people living with post-infective ankylosis of one or more major joint and its other variables. Materials and Methods: Details of all consecutive cases coming to hospital out-patient department for the related or other complaints with one or more major joint found completely ankylosed in the radiographs were noted in separate file. The clinical complaints for which they present either related with the condition or other were also noted. Key demographic details like age, sex, laterality, history of causative factor, time living with the deformity, other co-morbidities were also recorded. The relevant details of the ankylosed joint following confirmation on radiographs were clinically confirmed with presence of no apparent movement of the affected joint. Results: A total of 21 (17 males and 3 females) patients with mean age of 32.1 years were part of the study. The ankle joint was most commonly involved followed by hip, knee and elbow in 13, 6, 2 and 1 case respectively. Our study attempts to know the burden of people living with ankylosed joint as a result of open injuries in the past. Conclusion: Relevant demographic data and the type of joint involvement in adults living in rural areas with one or more major ankylosed joints shall help draft preventive and treatment strategy in this regard.